Mount Bromo is a part of the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park that covers a massive area of 800 square kilometres, located some 4 hours drive from Surabaya, the capital of East Java. Watching the sun rise spectacularly over Mt Bromo is the highlight of any trip here. Mount Bromo which stands tall at 2329 m is one of the most iconic mountain in Indonesia. The most popular way to visit Mount Bromo is to take a roughly 45 minute scenic walk from either of the nearby mountain villages of Cemoro Lawang or Ngadisari. The Tenggerese are the native people, and they reside in quaint, flowered villages scattered in and around the park.

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credit:  jmhullot

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credit: michael-day

Arenal Volcano is a 1,633 meter (5,300 feet) high mountain, which is perfectly conically shaped with a crater of 140 meters. It is known as a stratovolcano – a tall, symmetrical volcano that’s built upon successive layers of rock, ash and lava. Arenal’s most recent eruptive period began in 1968 with an explosion that buried three small villages and left 87 people dead. Up until July 2010, the eruptions had been constant, though much less severe—there were effusions of smoke and lava on an almost daily basis.

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credit: Isaac Bordas

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credit: Scott Robinson

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credit: Scott Robinson

Cotopaxi is one of South America’s most famous volcanoes and one of its most active ones. It has produced more than 50 eruptions since the 16th century. It last erupted in 1877, and it destroyed Latacunga, but now a days the volcano is not showing any activity. Stratovolcano is located on the Eastern Cordillera of the Ecuadorian Andes, 60 km south of Quito. It is the biggest attraction at the Cotopaxi Volcano National Park. It reaches a height of over 6,000 meters. Over 4,500 m there is snow.

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credit: Dave Lonsdale

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Mount Etna is an active stratovolcano close to Messina and Catania. Mount Etna is located 37.7N, 15.0E on the north east coats of the Island of Sicily, Italy. It is one of the most active volcanoes in the world and the second largest active volcano in Europe, currently standing 3,329 metres (10,922 ft) high. It is the highest mountain in Italy south of the Alps. Etna covers an area of 1,190 km (460 sq mi) with a basal circumference of 140 km. This year, the volcanic eruption and the lava that flown into a valley overnight did not represent a danger to inhabited areas.

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Stromboli is a small island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, off the north coast of Sicily, containing one of the three active volcanoes in Italy. It is one of the eight Aeolian Islands, a volcanic arc north of Sicily. A significant geological feature of the volcano is the Sciara del Fuoco, a big horseshoe-shaped depression generated in the last 13,000 years by several collapses on the north western side of the cone. A typical eruption at Stromboli consists of several small gas explosions each hour, ejecting incandescent cinder, lapilli, and bombs to heights of a few tens or hundreds of feet. Tephra is glowing red when it leaves the vent but becomes black and nearly solid before hitting the ground. Occasionally, lava flows may also be produced. Lava flows from Stromboli are typically less fluid than Hawaiian lava flows and thus are somewhat shorter and thicker. Because of the lower fluidity, it is harder for gas to escape from the rising magma. Gas bubbles become pressurized and burst at the top of the magma column, producing small explosions and throwing clots of molten lava into the air. When this type of eruption is observed at other volcanoes, it is referred to as Strombolian.